Endowment Monthly Reports

🗳️ Meta-Governance Treasury Management
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The November 2024 Endowment Report is now available on karpatkey’s website.

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The December 2024 Endowment Report is now available on karpatkey’s website.

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The January 2025 Endowment Report is now available on karpatkey’s website.

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The February 2025 Endowment Report is now available on karpatkey’s website.

karpatkey is pleased to present its first monthly Community Update to the broader ENS Community to increase awareness and transparency of its activities.

Market Update

  • February saw heightened volatility across macro and crypto, with persistent trade war concerns and the Fed signalling higher rates amidst inflation concerns.
  • The total implied network value (market cap) of the digital asset market stood at $2.92tn at the end of February, down 21% from January (from $3.71tn).
  • Over the month of February, BTC is down 17.5%, and ETH is down 32.2%.
    • Bitcoin dominance is 59.0%, up 4.1% from January.
  • Major market news:
    • Bybit hack: Hackers stole over 500,000 ETH, stETH, and mETH ($1.4bn at the time of hack) from Bybit by gaining access to a Safe developer’s computer to control the Safe UI. The broader Bybit hack has shone a light on critical vulnerabilities that can arise from blind signing practices and front-end security.
    • FTX began redistributing funds to creditors on February 18; the initial round of distributions included $1.2bn for small claims creditor group (<$50k), recovery ratio is estimated to be ~120% of the account value. Next claims distribution is scheduled for May 30.
    • Unichain went live on mainnet on February 11, less than 2 weeks after the launch of Uniswap V4 on January 31. Taken together, the two developments signal a rapid acceleration in new innovation from Uniswap, as Unichain becomes one of the first to host primarily V4-style liquidity.
    • Lido announced v3 on February 11, introducing stVaults, which allows stakers to have complete control over the validator set, MEV management, and liquidity access. This can be seen as Lido vying for institutional adoption, especially as a potential provider for staking ETH ETF.

ENS Token Update

  • Token holder distribution for Top 50 ENS token holders remain concentrated in the hands of Centralised Exchanges (“CEXs”) and ENS-Related wallets (DAO, ENS Labs, etc.)

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  • ENS token price dropped 36.7%, in line with ETH price
    • Despite the volatility, trading volume of ENS token also dropped across the venues. Binance’s ENS/USDT daily spot trading volume dropped from ~620k ENS/day to ~509k ENS/day, whilst Upbit’s ENS/KRW dropped from ~1.6M ENS/day to ~1.0 ENS/day; Uniswap v3 ENS/WETH 0.3% trading volume went up from ~38k ENS/day to ~52k ENS/day.

DAO Financial Update

Endowment Update

Please refer to the February karpatkey monthly report for further details.

  • Asset Allocation
    • AUM of $86M, with capital utilisation ratio of 99.9%
    • Endowment Allocation: 72% ETH ($62M), 28% Stablecoins ($24M)
    • Yield Generation (“DeFi Results”): $260k gross yield
    • Marked-to-market (“MTM”): ENS Endowment’s suffered from $24.2M drawdown in MTM, due to decrease in ETH token price from $3,290 to $2,333.
  • Protocol Distribution
    • Endowment’s biggest position (protocol exposure) is to Sky/Maker as DAI/USDS continued to offer higher yield vs. USDC in other lending markets. However, Sky/Maker reduced Dai Savings Rate from 11.25% at the start of February to 4.75% at the end of February, resulting in narrowing of the interest rate differential across the lending markets.
    • Across the Endowment’s various positions, exposure to each protocol does not exceed 30% of the total Endowment.

For details on the financial accounting, please refer to Financial Reporting Dune Dashboard, as well as the February Steakhouse monthly report.

Other Updates

  • Permissions Update #6 for the Endowment has been posted and will be put to vote shortly this month.
  • TWAP to procure USDC for the DAO is successfully undergoing execution, and has executed 1,166.67 ETH at an average price of $2,642 for the month of February.
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The February 2025 Endowment Report is now available on karpatkey’s website.

kpk is pleased to present its Community Update for the month of March to the broader ENS Community, to increase awareness and transparency of its activities.

Market Update

  • March continued to see heightened volatility across macro and crypto, with crypto being whiplashed by macro headlines surrounding trade war / tariffs. Reintroduction of sweeping tariffs has disrupted markets and increased concerns about inflation and recession. The Fed held interest rates unchanged at 4.25%-4.50% and in line its 2025 interest rate projections.
  • The total implied network value (market cap) of the digital asset market stood at $2.76tn at the end of March, down 5.3% from February ($2.92tn).
  • Over the month of March, BTC showed relative strength, as market prices dipped ‘only’ 2.3% (vs. -6% for S&P 500 Index), while ETH suffered net decreases amounting to 18.4% on the month.
    • Bitcoin’s dominance continued to inch upwards, reaching 62.8%, up 3.8% from the end of February.
  • Major market news:
    • The White House confirmed the issuance of an executive order establishing the long-awaited Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and Digital Asset Stockpile. The stockpile will use tokens (estimated 200k BTC) already owned by the US government. The executive order disappointed some in the market, who had hoped for purchase of new tokens.
    • Gamestop announced updates to its Investment Policy, approving Bitcoin as a treasury asset, and completing a $1.5b debt offering, with the proceeds earmarked for strategic purchases of BTC and dollar-denominated stablecoins.

ENS Token Update

  • Token holder distribution across the Top 50 ENS token holders remains relatively unchanged, and concentrated in the hands of centralised exchanges (“CEXs”) and ENS-related wallets (DAO, ENS Labs, etc.).

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  • The ENS token’s price dropped 26.5% in March, outpacing the drawdown in ETH, and therefore resulting in a decline in the ENS/ETH ratio.
    • Trading volume continued to drop on CEXs. Binance’s ENS/USDT daily spot trading volume fell 23% from 509k ENS/day to 390k ENS/day, whilst Upbit’s ENS/KRW daily spot trading volume dropped 29% from 1.0 ENS/day to 733k ENS/day.
    • Meanwhile, decentralised exchanges (“DEXs”) bucked the trend, as the Uniswap V3 ENS/WETH (0.3%) pool saw trading volume increase an inch (4%) from 52k ENS/day to 54k ENS/day.

DAO Financial Update

Endowment Update

Please refer to the March kpk monthly report for further details.

  • Asset Allocation
    • Assets under management (“AUM”) of $74.8M, with capital utilisation ratio of 99.9%.
    • Endowment Allocation split into 68% ETH ($51M) and 32% Stablecoins ($24M).
    • Yield Generation (“DeFi Results”): $232k gross yield generated in March.
    • Marked-to-market (“MTM”) valuation: ENS Endowment’s suffered from an $11.2M drawdown in its MTM valuation. This was primarily due to the decrease in ETH token price from $2,333 to $1,826 throughout March.
  • Protocol Distribution
    • Endowment’s biggest position (protocol exposure) is to Sky/Maker, as DAI/USDS continued to offer higher yield when compared to. USDC in other lending markets. However, Sky/Maker continued to reduce its Dai Savings Rate in March, bringing the rate down from 4.75% at the start of March to 3.5% at the end of March. This resulted in a narrowing of the interest-rate differential across various lending markets, reducing the attraction to DAI/USDS over other assets.
      • On-chain yields have been trending lower than off-chain yields throughout March, as US Fed Funds Rate stands at 4.25-4.50%. This is a sign of firmly bearish sentiments across the on-chain economy.
      • The Endowment’s introduction of RWA through its upcoming Permissions Update #6 will allow kpk to deploy its assets into RWAs with flexibility, and to take advantage of the difference between on-chain and off-chain yields.
    • Across the Endowment’s various positions, no single protocol exceeds 30% of the Endowment’s total exposure.

For further details on our financial accounting, please refer to Financial Reporting Dune Dashboard, as well as the March Steakhouse monthly report.

Other Updates

  • Permissions Update #6 for the Endowment has been posted, and will be put to vote in the upcoming voting cycle.

  • TWAP to procure USDC for the ENS DAO is undergoing execution, but has been disrupted due to volatilities in the price of ETH. The execution limit price was initially set at $2,062, but the ETH price has subsequently broken firmly below the psychological $2,000 level. In total, 3,000 ETH has been sold at an average price of $2,556. For the month of March, 833.33 ETH was sold at an average price of $2,156.

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The April 2025 Endowment Report is now available on karpatkey’s website.

kpk is pleased to present its Community Update for the month of April to the broader ENS Community, to increase awareness and transparency of its activities.

Market Update

  • Financial markets were volatile in April, driven by US trade policy and President Trump’s announcement of tariffs that were broader and more punitive than expected. Following an initial, sharp sell-off across risk assets and extreme market volatility (VIX spiked to 60, the highest level since the pandemic), the market recovered through the month. Gold (reached all-time-high of $3,500/oz) and bitcoin shone through the turmoil as the market bidded assets that typically outperform in heightened geopolitical tensions and flush liquidity conditions.
  • The total implied network value (market cap) of the digital asset market stood at $3.06tn at the end of April, up 10.6% from March ($2.76tn).
  • Over the month of April, BTC showed relative strength, as price gained 14.2% (vs. -0.7% for S&P 500 Index), while ETH ended the month down 1.7%.
    • Bitcoin’s dominance retraced slightly, from 62.8% in March to 61.7%.
  • Major market news:
    • Repeal of the Biden-era crypto tax rule: Trump signed into law a bill to overturn a revised rule from the Internal Revenue Service that expanded the definition of a broker to include decentralised exchanges (DEXs)
    • Launch of 21 Capital, backed by Tether and SoftBank, signalled further institutional interest for Microstrategy- type vehicles for Bitcoin exposures. Twenty One expects to launch with more than 42,000 Bitcoin (~$4.2bn), which would make it the third-largest Bitcoin treasury in the world.

ENS Token Update

  • Token holder distribution across the Top 50 ENS token holders remains relatively unchanged, and concentrated in the hands of centralised exchanges (“CEXs”) and ENS-related wallets (DAO, ENS Labs, etc.).

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  • The ENS token’s price increased 17.1% in April, outperforming both BTC and ETH.
    • Trading volume showed a mix bag as Binance’s ENS/USDT daily spot trading volume rose 9% from 390k ENS/day to 425k ENS/day, whilst Upbit’s ENS/KRW daily spot trading volume dropped 12% from 733k ENS/day to 647k ENS/day.
    • Meanwhile, Uniswap V3 ENS/WETH (0.3%) pool’s trading volume saw an uptick (+6%) from 54k ENS/day to 58k ENS/day.

DAO Financial Update

Endowment Update

Please refer to the April kpk monthly report for further details.

  • Asset Allocation
    • Assets under management (“AUM”) of $74.1M, with capital utilisation ratio of 99.9%.
    • Endowment Allocation split into 67% ETH ($50M) and 33% Stablecoins ($24M).
    • Yield Generation (“DeFi Results”): $192k gross yield generated in April.
    • Marked-to-market (“MTM”) valuation: ENS Endowment’s AUM was largely flat, with small drawdown of $805k in its MTM valuation.
  • Protocol Distribution
    • Endowment’s biggest position (protocol exposure) is to Sky/Maker, as DAI/USDS continued to offer higher yield when compared to USDC in other lending markets. However, Sky/Maker continued to reduce its Dai Savings Rate in April, bringing the rate down from 3.5% (at the start of April) to 3% (at the end of April), whilst keeping its Sky Savings Rate steady at 4.5%. This resulted in a narrowing of the interest-rate differential across various lending markets, reducing the attraction to DAI/USDS over other assets.
      • On-chain yields have been trending lower than off-chain yields throughout April, as US Fed Funds Rate stands at 4.25-4.50%, signalling bearish sentiments in the crypto space.
      • The Endowment will migrate its DAI positions to USDS positions with the passing of Permissions Update #6, which should give a boost to the Endowment returns.
    • Across the Endowment’s various positions, no single protocol exceeds 30% of the Endowment’s total exposure.

For further details on our financial accounting, please refer to Financial Reporting Dune Dashboard, as well as the April Steakhouse monthly report.

Other Updates

  • Permissions Update #6 for the Endowment has been passed
  • TWAP to procure USDC for the ENS DAO has been halted due to ETH trading firmly below $2,062, which was the limit price of the TWAP execution. Once the TWAP expires on May 9, 2025, the TWAP will be re-initiated.
  • Changes to the Financial Reporting: we have incorporated community feedback with regards to presenting financial statements both with and without $ENS tokens.
  • Public Endowment Dashboard: to increase transparency to Endowment activities and performance, we have created a Public Endowment LookerStudio Dashboard; it is still a work in progress, but offers more granular information with regards to the Endowment.
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The May 2025 Endowment Report is now available on karpatkey’s website.

kpk is pleased to present its Community Update for the month of May to the broader ENS Community, to increase awareness and transparency of its activities.

Market Update

  • The market continued its positive momentum in May as concerns over aggressive tariff threats and trade wars were alleviated, and institutional inflows continued.
    • BTC (+12%) reached a new all-time high of $112k mid-month, whilst ETH (+47%) strongly outperformed, firmly reclaiming the psychologically-significant $2k level.
    • ETHBTC bounced from local lows of 0.018 and ended the month at 0.02416. May was also marked by a bifurcation of performance across the crypto space; despite strong ETH outperformance relative to BTC, most other altcoins (except for memecoins and HYPE) struggled to outperform Bitcoin (XRP -3%, BNB +10%, SOL +7%).
    • The end result was an increase in Bitcoin dominance by 1.82 percentage points (from 61.68% at the start of May to 63.50% at the end of May).
    • The total implied network value (market cap) of the digital asset market stood at $3.37tn at the end of May, up 10.4% from April ($3.06tn).
  • Despite the general market rally, funding rates (both on-chain and off-chain) and open interest still remained subdued, potentially reflecting higher levels of sidelined capital and/or retail and long-term holders selling. This indicates that such short-term rallies are not yet indicative of a longer-term bullish trend, indicating that caution in approach may still be prudent.

A few interesting developments in the crypto space in May were

  • Increasing numbers of entities are copying the Microstrategy playbook (i.e. using financial engineering to purchase Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies to become crypto treasury companies).
    • Strategy (formerly Microstrategy) further entered into sales agreement to issue and sell up to $2.1bn worth of its Preferred Stock.
    • Metaplanet (a publicly-listed company on the Tokyo Stock Exchange) announced it will adopt Bitcoin as a strategic treasury reserve asset, citing Japan’s poor macroeconomic environment and a weak JPY as motivating factors. It will be leveraging cheap JPY borrowing costs to issue long-dated JPY liabilities to buy Bitcoin (JPY/Bitcoin carry trade).
    • SharpLink (SBET) announced a $425M private placement to initiate a first-of-its-kind Ethereum treasury strategy. SBET rallied from $33.93 to a high of $124, but has since mostly retraced its gains.
    • Trump Media (DJT) announced that it will raise about $2.5bn ($1.5bn via shares, $1bn via convertible notes) to invest in Bitcoin as it looks to diversify its revenue.
  • Circle filed for public listing on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “CRCL”, with target valuation of up to $6.71bn.
    • CRCL opened at $69 on June 5th 2025, and finished its first week of trading at $117.2, making its market capitalisation over $26B. Comparing to on-chain tokens, this valuation would make CRCL a top 10 token by market cap.

Off-chain markets have proven to be exciting. Following the successful initial public offering (IPO) of Circle, we expect more crypto companies to target IPOs in the near future, as investor appetite for crypto stocks increases. Crypto treasury companies have also been getting rewarded for buying Bitcoin, and have outperformed Bitcoin in the last 1 year, leading to a virtuous cycle for the growing number of crypto treasury companies.

However, if this trend reverses and the market stops allocating surplus value to corporations following a strategy of buying crypto (as it did for DJT and Gamestop), corporate demand for Bitcoin may start to dry up. In such circumstances, the premium to net asset value (NAV) of these crypto treasury companies would likely compress eventually, like it did for Grayscale’s premium last cycle. We continue to observe these structural drivers as we formulate our market view, and apply caution in the face of short-term market rallies given the backdrop of a lack of participation and compressing premiums.

ENS Token Update

  • Token holder distribution across the Top 50 ENS token holders remains relatively unchanged, and concentrated in the hands of centralised exchanges (“CEXs”) and ENS-related wallets (DAO, ENS Labs, etc.).

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  • The ENS token’s price increased 12.4% in May, narrowly outperforming BTC (but not ETH). Trading volume for ENS picked up strongly.
    • On the CEX side, Binance’s ENS/USDT daily spot trading volume rose 16% from 425k ENS/day to 495k ENS/day, and Upbit’s ENS/KRW daily spot trading volume rose 27% from 647k ENS/day to 779k ENS/day.
    • On the DEX side, Uniswap V3 ENS/WETH (0.3%) pool’s trading volume saw a good increase of 27% from 58k ENS/day to 74k ENS/day.

DAO Financial Update

Endowment Update

Please refer to the May kpk monthly report for further details.

  • Asset Allocation
    • Assets under management (“AUM”) of $94.9M, with capital utilisation ratio of 100.0%.
    • Endowment Allocation split into 74% ETH ($71M) and 26% Stablecoins ($24M).
    • Yield Generation (“DeFi Results”): $241k gross yield generated in May.
    • Marked-to-market (“MTM”) valuation: ENS Endowment’s AUM enjoyed a sharp increase from last month, due to $20.5M increase in its MTM valuation.
  • Protocol Distribution
    • Endowment’s biggest position (protocol exposure) has been migrated from DAI (in Dai Savings Module) to USDS (Sky Savings Module) after successful passing of Permissions Update #6. Sky Savings Rate currently stands at 4.5%, offering still- higher yields compared to Aave and Compound USDC lending markets, but lower than other lending markets, such as Morpho, Euler, and Fluid.
    • LP positions on Curve and Balancer (as well as Convex and Aura) have been yielding below ETH staking rates due to reduced emissions of incentives (in $ terms). As such, those LP positions have been disassembled and the Endowment is holding LST positions instead, reducing a layer of risk.
    • Across the Endowment’s various positions, no single protocol exceeds 30% of the Endowment’s total exposure.

For further details on our financial accounting, please refer to Financial Reporting Dune Dashboard, as well as the May Steakhouse monthly report, which now presents financial statements both with- and without $ENS tokens.

Other Updates

  • TWAP to procure USDC for the ENS DAO Wallet has concluded successfully. Between Feb 7, 2025, and June 4, 2025, 6,000 ETH was swapped for 15.32M USDC (an average price of $2,553). During this period, the average price of ETH was $2,160, effectively saving the DAO $2.36M through prudent execution.
    • The initial TWAP expired on May 9, 2025. As ETH traded below the TWAP limit price of $2,062 from March to May, the TWAP execution was incomplete. When the price of ETH fell, the community endorsed the plan to wait for the price to rebound, instead of setting a new TWAP with a lower limit price. On May 16, 2025, the second TWAP was set and has been successfully completed. Details of the trades can be seen on Cow Explorer, and are detailed below:
      • Initial block swap: 1,000 ETH swapped for $2.79M USDC (at average ETH Price of $2,788)
      • First TWAP (Order Details: 5,000 ETH swap over 90 days; limit price of $2,062): 2,111 ETH swapped for $5.11M USDC (at average ETH price of $2,423)
      • Second TWAP (Order Details: 2,889 ETH swap over 20 days; limit price of $2,062): 2,889 ETH swapped for $7.42M USDC (at average ETH price of $2,568)
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The May 2025 Endowment Report is now available on karpatkey’s website.

There is no extended update this month (replaced by the H1 2025 Review).

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